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Data & Sources

This page documents the data sources and their usage in visualizations to ensure academic accuracy and transparency.

1. Datasets (Sources)

Monsoon Wind (Surface 10m)
ERA5 reanalysis (10m wind, 2000-2020 climatology, 0.25° resolution)
CDS: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-single-levels-monthly-means
Jet Stream (250hPa)
ERA5 reanalysis (250hPa wind, 2000-2020 climatology, 0.25° resolution)
CDS: https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/reanalysis-era5-pressure-levels-monthly-means
Ocean Currents (OSCAR)
OSCAR satellite-derived ocean currents (15m depth, 2019-2023 climatology, 0.25° resolution)
NOAA ERDDAP: https://coastwatch.pfeg.noaa.gov/erddap/griddap/jplOscar.html

2. Coverage & Time Periods

Time Periods
monthly / 12 periods
labels: 1月, 2月, 3月, 4月, 5月, 6月, 7月, 8月, 9月, 10月, 11月, 12月
Bounding Box
lon 75 – 290, lat -40 – 75

3. Resolution & Grid

Unified Grid (All Layers)
0.25° / 861 × 461
From v7.1, all layers (monsoon, jet stream, ocean currents) use unified 0.25° resolution for improved accuracy.

4. Processing & Visualization (Summary)

- Monthly climatology data aggregated and interpolated to display grid for visualization.
- Ocean current NaN patterns from OSCAR used as ocean mask to exclude land areas.
- Storage format: int16 / scale=0.01 / compressed=true
- Intensity visualization: Arrow length, thickness, and color intensity shown in 6 levels.

5. Base Map (Tiles)

Map data: © OpenStreetMap contributors | DEM: SRTM, Sonny | Map style: © OpenTopoMap (CC-BY-SA)

6. Credits and licences

Monsoon wind (surface 10 m) and jet stream (250 hPa): ERA5

Create GBM computed monthly climatologies for 2000–2020 from the ERA5 monthly averaged data of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) (eastward and northward components of the 10 m wind and the 250 hPa wind) and interpolated them to the 0.25° display grid.

Copernicus attribution (original wording)

Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service information 2026. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data it contains.

Dataset citation (CDS catalogue)
  • Copernicus Climate Change Service (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7
  • Copernicus Climate Change Service (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on pressure levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS). DOI: 10.24381/cds.6860a573
Data citation
  • Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on single levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.f17050d7
  • Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Biavati, G., Horányi, A., Muñoz Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Rozum, I., Schepers, D., Simmons, A., Soci, C., Dee, D., Thépaut, J-N. (2023): ERA5 monthly averaged data on pressure levels from 1940 to present. Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) Climate Data Store (CDS), DOI: 10.24381/cds.6860a573
Licence

CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International)

This dataset is released for use under the CC-BY licence.

Ocean currents: OSCAR

OSCAR satellite-derived ocean surface currents (15 m depth) by Earth & Space Research (ESR), retrieved from NOAA CoastWatch ERDDAP (dataset jplOscar). Create GBM computed monthly climatologies for 2019–2023 and interpolated them to the 0.25° display grid.

Reference

Bonjean, F. and G.S.E. Lagerloef (2002): Diagnostic model and analysis of the surface currents in the tropical Pacific ocean. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2938–2954.

Terms of use (as stated on ERDDAP)

The data may be used and redistributed for free but is not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. Neither the data Contributor, ERD, NOAA, nor the United States Government, nor any of their employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.

Free use and redistribution are permitted; the data may contain inaccuracies and are not intended for legal use. (ERDDAP jplOscar)

Provider

Earth & Space Research (ESR) / NOAA CoastWatch ERDDAP (jplOscar)

Base map: OpenTopoMap

OpenTopoMap is a topographic map generated from OpenStreetMap data and SRTM elevation data, provided under CC BY-SA 3.0. The attribution defined by the provider is shown at the bottom right of the map.

Attribution (as defined by the provider)

Map data: © OpenStreetMap contributors | DEM: SRTM, Sonny | Map style: © OpenTopoMap (CC-BY-SA)

Licence

CC BY-SA 3.0 (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported)