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Layer B

Geographic primary data

Maps, GIS, hazards, climate, and satellites

Grade Level
Resource Type
48 resources

Google Earth

A geographic browser to fly around the entire planet in 3D. Visually grasp "the world now and then" through satellite imagery, terrain, 3D buildings, and Timelapse (year-by-year change of satellite photos). The "Voyager" feature also hosts 3D tours of World Heritage sites and stories on endangered species and the SDGs. An entry to geography, history, disaster prevention, and international comparison — usable at any age.

Observe places of interest in 3D → compare year-by-year change with Timelapse → fact-check "why did it change?" with terrain, climate, and statistics
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsOverview
GISKids' Entry

Hazard Map Portal

Confirm nationwide disaster risks (flood, landslide, storm surge, tsunami, etc.) from MLIT via the "Layered Hazard Map" and "My Town Hazard Map". An entry for local disaster prevention and geography inquiry.

Identify 3 risk spots → explain the reason (terrain/river/land use) on the map → also confirm evacuation sites
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatistics
DisasterGISOpen DataKids' Entry

National Land Numerical Information (GIS data)

GIS data of administrative borders, transport, facilities, etc. Usable for mapping and analysis.

Search by desired layer name → confirm the year/extent of the data → overlay on the map and verify hypotheses
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatistics
GISOpen Data

J-SHIS (Seismic Hazard)

An entry to understanding seismic risk "with assumptions explicit".

Read the assumptions (probability period/model) → explain regional differences via terrain and ground
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatistics
DisasterGISOpen Data

Real Estate Information Library

Treats transaction prices, land prices, hazards, and city planning on the same map.

Show land prices with hazards/zoning → form a hypothesis → fact-check with statistics/maps
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
StatisticsMap
GISOpen DataDisaster

JAXA Earth Observation Use

A pathway for how to use satellite data.

Decide the variable (rainfall/vegetation, etc.) and period → compare → cross-check with ground statistics/observations
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
OverviewStatistics
Natural ScienceEarth ScienceOpen DataAPI Available

Seamless Geological Map (GSJ)

Browse Japan's geological maps seamlessly. Explain terrain, disasters, and resources from "differences in geology".

Decide the point to investigate → read geological unit/age → form a hypothesis tying to terrain, disaster, land use
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsPrimary Source
GISEarth ScienceDisasterOpen Data

GeoNavi (GSJ)

A navigation hub to GSJ database groups on geology, terrain, and resources. Strong as a path to drop down to primary data.

Decide one purpose (geology/resources/disaster, etc.) → choose the relevant DB → confirm the source/measurement conditions and cite
UniversityResearcher
OverviewStatisticsPrimary Source
Earth ScienceOpen DataGIS

Historical Map Database (LAPIS | Nichibunken)

A historical map DB that lets you cross-search early-modern to modern maps. Read the change of place names, territories, transport routes, etc. as primary sources.

Search by place name/region → confirm date and purpose (survey/administration/military) → overlay on modern maps and verbalize the difference
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapPrimary SourceOverview
Cultural HeritageGISOpen Data

Rekichizu

Overlay Edo, Meiji, and prewar old maps semi-transparently on modern maps. Visually read changes in place names, waterways, and roads. An entry to historical geography, usable from elementary to professional.

Switch the same place by era → verbalize changes in place names, roads, waterways → ask "why is the castle town/urban area here?"
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapPrimary Source
Cultural HeritageGISKids' Entry

National Q Map (Qchizu)

A site (independently run) that, with operations similar to the GSI Map, lets you overlay red-relief maps, contour lines, individually tiled old topographic maps, and detailed terrain maps. Supports two-pane display, measurement, drawing, and printing — works from middle-school regional / disaster-prevention / high school geography to university research and field surveys.

Open from "Open Map" → toggle ON layers of interest (relief/old/external tiles, etc.) → fix the view, then record the screenshot, URL, and viewing date in your report
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapOverviewResearch
GISDisasterCultural Heritage

Japan Coast Guard | Hydrographic and Oceanographic Department

Japan's official source for seafloor topography, tides, ocean currents, territorial seas, and 3D marine maps. A primary information source for reading the links between landform, safety, fisheries, and the marine environment.

Pick a sea area → choose one layer (seafloor topography / tides / currents) → overlay the adjacent land topography on GSI Map and explain how land and sea connect
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatistics
GISEarth ScienceDisasterOpen Data

NIED | Volcano Activity Visualization System (VIVA)

A volcano-visualization system from Japan's National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). Seismic, tilt, temperature, and satellite observations are unified on a map so you can read "what is happening at this volcano now".

Pick a volcano → choose one signal (seismic / tilt / temperature) and read its time series → cross-reference with JMA volcano advisories and put the meaning of the observed values into words
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversity
MapStatistics
DisasterEarth ScienceGISOpen Data

KuniJiban (Borehole logs from MLIT / NEXCO and others)

An official database that lets you pull borehole survey logs (columnar sections) by location, published by Japanese public-infrastructure bodies. You can see, as a primary source, which layers underlie your own town.

Pick a point on the map → open the columnar log and read layer thickness and groundwater level → layer it with hazard maps and geological maps to explain "ground-shaking and liquefaction risk"
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsPrimary Source
DisasterGISEarth ScienceOpen Data

Old Maps Online

An international portal that cross-searches historical maps held by libraries and archives worldwide, from a geographic location. Complements David Rumsey for reading the same place across multiple period maps.

Draw a box on your place of interest → compare historical maps by year → follow the holding-institution link for details (title / year / maker), then overlay with the GSI Map
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
Primary SourceMapInternational
Cultural HeritageEnglish

GEBCO (Global Bathymetry)

The official global bathymetric dataset jointly maintained by IHO and the IOC of UNESCO. The standard reference for "submarine topography" counterpart to the GSI Map, usable as the marine side of Create GBM's 3D terrain.

Pick a sea area → observe trenches, ridges, and seamounts → overlay with JMA and JCG ocean data to relate seabed form to currents / fisheries / earthquakes
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsInternational
Earth ScienceOpen DataEnglish

Ordnance Survey (UK)

The UK's official mapping agency and one of the origins of modern cartographic surveying. Publishes precise topographic maps, administrative boundaries, and digital mapping. A strong comparison point for how "national maps" are made against GSI (Japan).

Pick a dataset by topic (urban / nature / boundary) → check legend and survey year → put it next to GSI Map data with the same theme and articulate "how each country maps itself"
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapInternational
EnglishGIS

British Geological Survey (BGS)

The UK's national geological survey. Publishes geological maps, subsurface, earthquake, and environmental-geology data. Paired with GSJ (Japan), gives an international lens on "reading the land through geology".

Pick a UK region of interest → read rock types and ages from the geological map → compare with GSJ's Seamless geological map and explain differences via plate tectonics and orogenic belts
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsInternational
Earth ScienceOpen DataEnglish

IGN France | Géoportail

The official web map operated by France's national mapping agency (IGN). Layer topography, aerial photos, boundaries, and historical maps for all of France in the browser — a French counterpart to the GSI Map.

Pick a region → overlay multiple layers (topo / historical / aerial) → apply the same reading to Japan on the GSI Map and compare the "grammar" of maps
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapInternational
MultilingualGIS

Geoscience Australia

Australia's national geoscience and surveying agency. Provides comprehensive maps, landform, geology, and natural-hazard data. A Southern Hemisphere / continental-scale reference point for terrain inquiry.

Pick a theme (earthquake / minerals / coastline) → check resolution and observation year → compare with Japan (GSJ / JMA / JCG) to articulate differences in geographic conditions
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsInternational
Earth ScienceOpen DataEnglish

LINZ (Land Information New Zealand)

New Zealand's official geo-information agency. Open topographic maps, aerial photos, cadastre, nautical charts, and place-name data. As an island nation on a plate boundary, comparable to Japan in geography.

Pick an NZ region → open topography / fault / volcano layers → pair with GSI Map and J-SHIS to relate island-arc topography to earthquakes and volcanism
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapInternational
EnglishOpen DataGIS

BKG (Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Germany)

The English portal of Germany's federal mapping and geodesy agency (BKG). Publishes national terrain, boundary, and administrative data. A model case for a continental European map-data system.

Pick a German region → take a first look via terrain / boundary / administrative layers → put it next to GSI Map and national land data, and read the cartographic differences between federalism and centralism
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
MapInternational
EnglishMultilingualGIS

Copernicus Open Access Hub

The official data hub of the EU / ESA Earth observation programme Copernicus. Sentinel optical and radar observations are available for free. The international standard for high-resolution satellite imagery inquiry on land use, disasters, and agriculture.

Set region and period → pick Sentinel-1 (radar) or Sentinel-2 (optical) as appropriate → respect licence terms and compare with JAXA data to evaluate observation differences
UniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsInternationalResearch
Earth ScienceOpen DataEnglishAPI Available

Google Earth Engine

A planet-scale satellite-data analysis platform Google provides free for research, education, and non-profits. Landsat, Sentinel, and MODIS can all be analysed in the cloud. Since it is privately operated, confirm terms of use before applying it.

Apply for research / non-profit access → set region and period → start from existing tutorials and always cross-check results with official sources (GSI / JAXA)
UniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsInternationalResearch
Open DataEnglishAPI Available

GHSL (Global Human Settlement Layer, EC JRC)

A global database of human settlement (cities / population / buildings) maintained by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre. Combining satellite and statistics, it allows worldwide time-series comparison of urbanisation.

Pick an urban region → pull population distribution / building density / urban extent over time → pair with Japan's National Land Numerical Information and residents' registers to articulate urbanisation differences
UniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsInternationalResearch
Open DataEnglish

WorldPop (High-resolution global population)

A high-resolution global population distribution dataset published by the WorldPop international project centred on the University of Southampton. Integrates censuses and satellite observations to compare small-area populations globally. Widely used for disaster, health, and education policy research.

Pick target country / year / resolution → take the population raster → cross-check with local statistical offices (e.g., e-Stat for Japan) to confirm model validity before drawing conclusions
UniversityResearcher
MapStatisticsInternationalResearch
Open DataEnglish

GADM (Global Administrative Areas)

An international-standard dataset of administrative boundaries down to city / municipality level. Freely available as base layers for overlaying statistics in GIS. For commercial use, confirm the licence separately.

Pick the country and level (country / state / district) → fetch GeoJSON / Shapefile → respect the licence and overlay with WorldPop or national statistics on identical boundaries
UniversityResearcher
MapInternational
Open DataEnglishGIS

David Rumsey Map Collection (Historical World-Maps Archive)

A public digital archive at Stanford University Libraries holding over 150,000 historical maps of the world, 15th century to present, at high resolution. Even young learners can enjoy "how people used to picture the world" as images.

Search by region or period → zoom in on one sheet and observe details → note 3 things that are shown and 3 things that are not → place it beside a Japanese historical map (e.g. Rekichizu, Imashi Map) to compare how each age pictured the world
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityResearcher
Primary SourceMapInternational
Cultural HeritageOpen DataEnglishKids' Entry

PLATEAU (3D City Models)

MLIT's 3D city models. Buildings and features derived from aerial survey data, freely available.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversity
Map
GISOpen DataOfficial VideoAPI Available

G-Spatial Information Center

The national portal for distributing geospatial data from government and research institutions.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
UniversityResearcher
MapStatistics
GISOpen Data

Konjaku Map on the Web

Side-by-side switching of topographic maps from the Meiji era onward for 59 regions across Japan.

Open pages that interest you → note 3 words you understood → discuss and decide the next term to research
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh School
Map
GIS

Historical Map Collection (GSI)

Old maps from Japan's Geospatial Information Authority — from Edo-period surveying to early modern topographic maps.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh School
MapPrimary Source
Cultural Heritage

Digital Ino Map (Web Edition)

Web-based version of Ino Tadataka's famous surveyed map of Japan, overlaid on a modern map.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
Middle SchoolHigh School
MapPrimary Source
GISCultural Heritage

Hinata GIS

Overlay open data on GSI maps, aerial photos, geological maps, and 3D terrain visualizations.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversity
Map
GISOpen Data

Geological Survey of Japan — Geological Map Downloads

Download geological maps and data from the Geological Survey of Japan (AIST).

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
UniversityResearcher
MapStatistics
GISOpen Data

Flood Depth Navigation (GSI)

GSI's tool to estimate flood depths for buildings and land areas.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
Middle SchoolHigh School
Map
DisasterGIS

Urban Area Active Fault Maps (GSI)

Detailed active-fault maps for major Japanese urban areas from GSI.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
Middle SchoolHigh School
Map
Disaster

Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion

Long-term evaluations of active faults and subduction-zone earthquakes, and strong-motion predictions.

Confirm the current version date → look up the article number → trace amendments to understand 'why it changed'
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversity
Law & PolicyResearch
Disaster

Earthquake Research HQ — Active Fault Database

National database of active fault evaluations by Japan's Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion.

Specify the period and region → check definitions and footnotes → compare across primary sources
High SchoolUniversityResearcher
Statistics
DisasterGIS

AIST — Active Fault Database of Japan

AIST's comprehensive active fault database with GIS data and evaluation reports.

Specify the period and region → check definitions and footnotes → compare across primary sources
UniversityResearcher
Statistics
DisasterGISAPI Available

MANDARA (Free GIS Software)

Free GIS software designed for education — create thematic maps from statistical data.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
High SchoolUniversity
Materials & Guidance
GIS

River Flood Disaster Information (MLIT)

Japan's official real-time river flood and rainfall information from the Ministry of Land.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
Middle SchoolHigh School
MapStatistics
DisasterEarth Science

Hydrological and Water Quality Database

National database of hydrological and water quality data from rivers and lakes across Japan.

Specify the period and region → check definitions and footnotes → compare across primary sources
UniversityResearcher
Statistics
DisasterEarth Science

River Water Level Information

Real-time water level monitoring for rivers nationwide — video-linked observation points.

Load the layers you need → read the spatial pattern → explain 'why' with related data
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh School
MapVideo
DisasterOfficial Video

GSI Map Time Travel (Aerial Photos)

Switch between aerial photos from the 1970s to the present — some areas from 1936 — in a two-panel linked view.

Open pages that interest you → note 3 words you understood → discuss and decide the next term to research
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh School
Map
GISKids' Entry

GSI Map and Aerial Photo Browsing Service

Aerial photos from the 1950s onward, freely viewable and downloadable at 400 dpi.

Confirm the current version → trace the original document or amendment → cross-reference with related primary sources
High SchoolUniversityResearcherTeacher
MapPrimary Source
GISOpen Data

GSI Map Channel (YouTube)

Official YouTube channel of the Geospatial Information Authority — tutorials, time-lapse maps, and geographic features.

Watch and note 3 key terms → record what caught your eye most → discuss 'Why?' at home or school
Middle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversityTeacher
Video
GISOfficial Video

City Roads (anvaka)

Type any city name and this visualiser draws every road it finds in OpenStreetMap as a single line-art plate. Lets you read the shape of a city at a glance — grid, radial, or organic where rivers and coastlines have reshaped it — and line up two cities side by side for comparison.

Render two cities on screen at once → put the pattern type (grid / radial / organic) into words → back up the reason (terrain, history, urban planning) on GSI Map or a historical-maps viewer
ElementaryMiddle SchoolHigh SchoolUniversity
MapStatistics
GISOpen DataKids' Entry